THEORY OF MATERIAL SHAPE

Immediately prior to discharge from a troughed conveyor belt, the material cross-sectional shape undergoes rapid change.

Through the last troughing idler set the material occupies the same such shape as that shown in Fig. 1. When passing over the discharge pulley it is assumed that the periphery closely approximates the segment of a circle as indicated in Fig. 2 i.e. standard configuration for flat conveyor belt loading.

Fig 1

Fig 2

The following considerations are accounted in the theory and the procedure. Reference to the scale diagram on sheet 3 will assist clarification.

1. Belt width cannot change.
2. There is no material spillage from the belt.
3. Material cross-sectional area remains constant.
4. Material does not have time to settle to its natural surcharge angle, otherwise there would be spillage.
5. Due to (IV) above, the surcharge angle momentarily increases to approximately twice normal.
6. Segmental peripheral form is the most likely regular geometrical configuration at the discharge pulley.

In order to establish a procedure for determining the segmental height and the position of the centroid of the material at the discharge pulley, it is necessary to create a method of converting the cross-sectional area through the troughing idler (Fig. 1) to the equivalent segmental shape (Fig. 2) outlined above.

It is assumed that this theory holds good for any troughing shape i.e. 3, 4 or 5 roll troughing idler sections will all reduce to segmental form at the discharge pulley.

For nomenclature and terminology see Sheet 4.

Results of calculations required to determine the position of the centroid of the cross - sectional area of the material passing over the discharge pulley are governed by two factors:

1. I As outlined on sheet 2 it is assumed that the material adopts a geometrically regular segmental configuration,
2. II The assignment of an arbitrary value for edge distance which shall be e = 0,055W + 23 which is standard for flat conveyor belt applications (see Standard No. CM/0900/CC2) or a = 50 whichever is the lesser.

This is based upon the supposition that at the discharge pulley, the material is unrestrained widthwise and therefore only a small nominal allowance is necessary.

This lesser edge distance value will be designated em. It must be emphasised that this modified value em is applicable to this standard only, it has no significance elsewhere.

The assigned values of em and L are given in the table below together with standard edge distances e for comparison purposes only.

W	e	em	L
350	42,25	42.25	265.5
400	45	45	310
450	47,75	47.75	354.5
500	50,5	50	400
600	56	50	500
750	64,25	50	650
900	72,5	50	800
1050	80,75	50	950
1200	89	50	1100
1350	97,25	50	1250
1500	105,5	50	1400
1650	113,75	50	1550
1800	122	50	1700
2100	138,5	50	2000

For nomenclature see sheet 4.

INTRODUCTION TO TABLES

The tables included on Sheets 8 and 9 have been compiled from the formulae and assumptions given on previous sheets. Numerous fully worked examples were used to establish the ratio of a to h listed in column 4 of these tables.

For general use, the scope of these tables is considered adequate.

Intermediate values of A and corresponding α will result in intermediate values of a and h which may usually be interpolated from the tables with a reasonable degree of accuracy.

Where more precise results are considered necessary, a complete calculation should be performed and a specimen data sheet for this purpose is provided on sheet 10.

PROCEDURE

In order to establish the segmental height h and the centroidal height a for any given troughed belt section, proceed as follows :

1. given the number of idler rolls, belt width W, troughing angle β and material surcharge angle obtain the material cross-sectional area α, from standard no. CM/0900/CCL.
2. from the tables on sheets 8 and 9 of this standard No. CM/0900/CT1 find the equivalent area A for the same belt width (but with obviously increased surcharge angle). Interpolate where necessary.
3. note corresponding segmental height h and centroidal height a. Interpolate where necessary. These two dimensions are of extreme importance to the construction of the trajectories, details of which follow.

BELT	α	h mm	a mm		A m
W = 1050 L = 950	10	41,56	0,400	h = 16,62	0,0264
	20	83,76	0,401	h = 33,59	0,0534
	30	127,28	0,402	h = 51,16	0,0818
	40	172,89	0,404	h = 69,85	0,1123
	50	221,50	0,407	h = 90,15	0,1462
	60	274,24	0,410	h = 112,44	0,1848
W = 1200 L = 1100	10	48,12	0,400	h = 19,25	0,0353
	20	96,98	0,401	h = 38,89	0,0716
	30	147,37	0,402	h = 59,24	0,1096
	40	200,18	0,404	h = 80,87	0,1506
	50	256,47	0,407	h = 104,38	0,1960
	60	317,54	0,410	h = 130,19	0,2477
W = 1350 L = 1250	10	54,68	0,400	h = 21,87	0,0456
	20	110,20	0,401	h = 44,19	0,0924
	30	167,47	0,402	h = 67,32	0,1415
	40	227,48	0,404	h = 91,90	0,1945
	50	291,44	0,407	h = 118,62	0,2531
	60	360,84	0,410	h = 147,95	0,3199
W = 1500 L = 1400	10	61,24	0,400	h = 24,50	0,0572
	20	123,43	0,401	h = 49,49	0,1159
	30	187,56	0,402	h = 75,40	0,2775
	40	254,78	0,404	h = 102,93	0,2440
	50	326,42	0,407	h = 132,85	0,3175
	60	404,15	0,410	h = 165,70	0,4013
W = 1650 L = 1550	10	67,80	0,400	h = 27,12	0,0702
	20	136,65	0,401	h = 54,80	0,1421
	30	207,66	0,402	h = 83,48	0,2176
	40	282,08	0,404	h = 113,96	0,2991
	50	361,39	0,407	h = 147,09	0,3892
	60	447,45	0,410	h = 183,45	0,4919
W = 1800 L = 1700	10	74,37	0,400	h = 29,75	0,0844
	20	149,88	0,401	h = 60,10	0,1709
	30	227,76	0,402	h = 91,56	0,2618
	40	309,37	0,404	h = 124,99	0,3597
	50	396,36	0,407	h = 161,32	0,4682
	60	490,75	0,410	h = 201,21	0,5917
W = 2100 L = 2000	10	87,49	0,400	h = 35,00	0,1168
	20	176,33	0,401	h = 70,71	0,2366
	30	267,95	0,402	h = 107,72	0,3623
	40	363,97	0,404	h = 147,04	0,4979
	50	466,31	0,407	h = 189,79	0,6480
	60	577,35	0,410	h = 234,71	0,8189

The centrifugal force F acting at the centroid of the material is given by:

F = mv2/gR

Where:

m = mass of material acting at centroid (kg)
v = tangential velocity (m/s)
g = acceleration due to gravity (mis²)
R = distance from centre of pulley to centroid (m)

NB. Tangential velocity is not equal to nominal belt velocity. It must be calculated thus

v = 2 π Rp where p = pulley rotational speed in rev/s.

It should be noted that gravitational force varies with latitude and altitude and assigned values may differ by as much as 0,5 percent. This will not normally affect the scope of this standard to any marked degree. The value of g used throughout is 9,78546 m/s² for Johannesburg. (For further information on this subject see SABS publications MP4 and MP13a.)

It is reiterated that the terms centre of gravity and centre of mass will not be used, the expression centroid (denoted by c) being preferred.

When the centrifugal force equals the radial component of the material mass, the material will no longer be supported by the belt and its free fall trajectory will commence. The angular position around the pulley at which this occurs is dependent upon the conveyor belt inclination.

In the analysis and examples, which follow, the trajectories examined are those of the centroid of the material (i.e. the median line). For materials of approximately uniform particle size and density of 800 kg/m³ or more, the upper and lower limits of the material path will closely parallel the median line for falls up to about 2 m below the centre of the discharge pulley. Thereafter the material will tend to diverge.

Light, fluffy materials, high belt velocities and a mixture of large lumps, small lumps and fines will alter the upper and lower limits of the material path. Lumps riding near the top of the material at the discharge point will tend to be thrown further from the pulley. The trajectories of any such lumps may be individually plotted. See method and example on Sheet 23.

HORIZONTAL BELT CONVEYOR TRAJECTORIES

When the tangential velocity is sufficiently high (i.e. when the centrifugal force is equal to or greater than m) the material will leave the belt at the initial point of tangency with the pulley (point c on the diagram).

mV² ≥ m

i.e. V²/gR ≥ 1

For plotting of trajectory see Sheet 15. For fully worked example see sheet 17.

Fig A

When the tangential velocity is not sufficiently high (i.e. when the centrifugal force is less than in) the material will continue part way around the pulley to the point c where it commences its trajectory, an angular position from the initial point of tangency z.

V²/gR = cosδ

For plotting of trajectory see sheet 15. For fully worked example see Sheet 18.

Fig B

INCLINED BELT CONVEYOR TRAJECTORIES

When the tangential velocity is sufficiently high, the material will leave the belt and commence its trajectory at the initial point of tangency with the pulley (point c on the diagram)

i.e. when V²/gR > 1

For plotting of trajectory see Sheet 15. For fully worked example see Sheet 19.

Fig C

When the tangential velocity is such that

V²/gR = 1

the material will leave the belt and commence its trajectory at the vertical centre line through the pulley (point c on the diagram).

Fig D

When the tangential velocity is not sufficiently high or when

V²/gR < cos

The material will continue its travel part way around the pulley to point c where it commences its trajectory, an angular position ~ from the vertical centre line of pulley, point z where

V²/gR = δ

For plotting of trajectory see Sheet 15. For fully worked example see Sheet 20.

Fig E

When the conditions are such that V²/gR > cos but still less than 1, the material may leave the belt at~he initial point of tangency but the curved surface of the belt around the pulley may interfere with the theoretical trajectory. The material may then re-engage the belt and be carried further around the pulley before it assumes its final trajectory commencing at point c where

V²/gR = cosδ

DECLINED BELT CONVEYOR TRAJECTORIES

When the tangential velocity is sufficiently high, the material will leave the belt and commence its free fall trajectory at the initial point of tangency with the pulley (point c on the diagram)

i.e. when V²/gR = cos

where = belt angle of decline.

For plotting of trajectory see sheet 15. For fully worked example see sheet 21.

Fig F

When the tangential velocity is not sufficiently high, the material will continue part way around the pulley to the point c where it commences its trajectory an angular position from the vertical centre line of the pulley point Z where

V²/gR = cosδ

For plotting of trajectory sheet 15. For worked example see sheet 22.

Fig G

The following completely worked examples should assist in the use of the formulae and tabulations included in this standard and clarify the procedure for the plotting of trajectories. For convenience and comparisons these examples are founded upon identical carrying conditions i.e. belts, troughing sets, pulleys, material surcharge angles, cross-sectional areas, centroidal and segmental heights.

Data:

3 roll troughing idlers

20 troughing angle

20 material surcharge angle

Belt width = 750 mm
Belt thickness = 11 mm
Pulley diameter = 600 mm

From standard no. CM/0900/CCL the above conditions produce a material cross-sectional area of 0,047 m².

From Page 8 of this standard, CM/0900/CTL, the corresponding cross- sectional area of segmental configuration is shown to occur when the modified surcharge angle is 36~ (by interpolation). For these conditions, the centroidal height a and segmental height h dimensions may be interpolated thus :

a = 42,87mm

h = 106,28 mm

Let belt velocity = vb m/s

pulley diameter = D m

pulley rotational speed = vb/πD rev/s

Then tangential velocity v = 2vb.P/D m/s

(where R = distance from centre line of pulley to material centroid)

This will facilitate calculation of the expression - and thereby determine the point at which the material commences to leave ~e belt i.e. the start of the free fall trajectory.

To set out trajectory

Tangential velocity v is given in m/s

Time interval is given in increments of 0,05s.

Tangent line scale corresponds to 50 nun per m/s of tangential velocity v.

Corresponding fall distances are obtained from sheet 16.

FALL DISTANCES

The free fall distance due to gravitational force is given by the expression

s = ut+0,5gt²

where

s = fall distance (m)
u = initial velocity (m/s)
t = time interval (s)
g = acceleration due to gravity (m/s²) As previously noted, the value of g to be used throughout this standard is 9,78546 m/s² (Johannesburg).
In this context there is no initial velocity, so the fall distance expression reduces to
s = 0,5 gt² (m)
= 500 gt² (mm)
= 4892,73 t² (mm)
Where necessary, intermediate or extended values may be simply calculated.

Time Interval s	Fall Distance mm
0.05	12
0.10	49
0.15	110
0.20	196
0.25	306
0.30	440
0.35	599
0.40	783
0.45	991
0.50	1223
0.55	1480
0.60	1761
0.65	2067
0.70	2397
0.75	2752
0.80	3131
0.85	3535
0.90	3963
0.95	4416
1.00	4893

EXAMPLE 1. HORIZONTAL BELT

Horizontal belt conveyor

Belt width 750 mm, thickness 11 mm

20 3 roll troughing idlers

20 surcharge angle

Belt velocity 2 m/s

Pulley diameter 600 mm

Material cross section area: A - 0,047 m²

Centroidal height: a = 42,87 mm

Segmental height: h = 106,28 mm

Pulley rotational speed p = 2/π0.600 = 1,061 rev/s

Tangential velocity v = 2 π 0,354 1,061 = 2,360 m/s.

V²/gR = 2,360² 9.78546 0.354

= 1,608

since this value is greater than unity, the material will leave the belt at the initial point of tangency c.

Tangent line ordinates 0.1, 1.2, 2.3, etc., - 2,360.50 = 118 mm. Fall distances La, 2b, 3c, etc., obtained from table on sheet 16. For true inner and outer trajectories see sheet 23. See text Fig. A on Sheet 12.

EXAMPLE 2. HORIZONTAL BELT

Belt velocity = 1,20 m/s. All example 1.

Pulley rotational speed p = 1,20/π 0.600

= 0,637 rev/s
Tangential velocity v = 2π 0,354 0,637
= 1,416 in/s

V²/gR = 14162²/9,78546 0,354

= 0,57882

since this is less than unity this is the value of cosδ

ie. δ = cos^-1 0,57882

= 54,6325 (5437,95)

this locates the point c (relative to the vertical centre line of the pulley) at which the material leaves the belt and trajectory commences.

Tangent line ordinates 0.1, 1.2, 2.3, etc., 1,416.50 70,80 mm.

Fall distances (vertical) la, 2b, 3c, etc., from table on sheet 16.

See text Fig. B on sheet 12.

EXAMPLE 3. INCLINED BELT

15 inclined belt conveyor

Belt width 750 mm, thickness 11mm

20 3 roll troughing idlers

20 surcharge angle

Belt velocity 2,20 m/s

Pulley diameter 600 mm

Material cross-sectional area A = 0,047 m²

Centroidal height a = 42,87 mm

Segmental height h - 106,28 mm

Pulley rotational speed p =2.20/π 0.600 = 1,167 rev/s

Tangential velocity v = 2 π 0,354 1,67 = 2,596 m/s

V²/gR = 2,5962²/9,78546 0,354

= 1,945

since this is greater than unity, the material will leave the belt at the initial point of tangency c.

Tangent line ordinates 0.1, 1.2, 2.3, etc., - 2,596.50 = 129,8 mm. Fall distances (vertical) la, 2b, 3c, etc., from table on sheet 16.

See text Fig. C on sheet 13.

EXAMPLE 4.INCLINED BELT

Belt velocity - 1,40 m/s

All other conditions as for example 3.

Pulley rotation speed p = 1.40 / π 0,600

= 0,743 rev/s
Tangential velocity = 211.0,354.0,743

= 1,652 mis

V²/gR = 1,6522/9,78546 0,354
= 0,78784

since this is less than unity this is the value of cosδ

i.e.δ = cos 0,78784

= 38,0163 (38 0,98)

this locates the point c (relative to the vertical centre line of the pulley) at which the material leaves the belt and trajectory commences.

Tangent line ordinates 0.1, 1.2, 2.3, etc., = 1,652.50 = 82,60 mm. Fall distances (vertical) La, 2b, 3c, etc., from table on sheet 16.

See text Fig. E on sheet 13.

EXAMPLE 5. DECLINED BELT

15 declined belt conveyor

Belt width 750 mm, thickness 11 mm

20 3 roll troughing idlers

20 surcharge angle

Belt velocity 1,90 m/s

Pulley diameter 600 mm

Material cross-sectional area A - 0,047 m²

Centroidal height a = 42,87 mm

Segmental height h - 106,28 mm

Pulley rotational speed p = 1,90/ π 0.600 = 1,008 rev/s

Tangential velocity v = 2 π 0,354 1,008 = 2,242 m/s

V²/gR = 2,242² /9,78546.0,354

= 1,451

since this value is greater than unity, the material will leave the belt at the initial point of tangency c.

Tangent line ordinates 0.1, 1.2, 2.3, etc., = 2,242.50 = 112,1 mm. Fall distances (vertical) La, 2b, 3c, etc., from table on sheet 16.

See text Fig. F on sheet 14.

EXAMPLE 6. DECLINED BELT

Belt velocity - 1.30 m/s

All other conditions as for example 5.

Pulley rotational speed = 1,30/ π 0.600

= 0.690 rev/s

Tangential velocity = 2 π 0.354 0.690

= 1.534 m/s

V²/gR = 1.534² /9,78546 0,354

= 0,679307

since this is less than unity this is the value of cosδ.

ie. = δ cos^-1 0.679307
= 47,210 (47 12,38)
this locates the point c (relative to the vertical centre line of the pulley) at which the material leaves the belt and trajectory commences.

Tangent line ordinates 0.1, 1.2, 2.3, etc., 1,534.50 = 76,70 mm. Fall distances (vertical) La, 2b, 3c, etc., from table on sheet 16.

See text Fig. C on sheet 14.

The construction shown is related to a horizontal belt trajectory where the material leaves the belt at the initial point of tangency c (for theory see sheet 12 and for trajectory layout procedure see sheet 15. The method used here to determine the outer and inner material paths holds good for all belt configurations. The outer trajectory must be plotted in precisely the manner given in example 1 sheet 17. Only the tangent line ordinates must be recalculated, the fall distances remain unchanged albeit related to a revised reference line.

Determine the tangent line ordinates as follows:

Belt speed	s	(m/s)
Pulley diameter	D	(m)
Pulley rotational speed	p = s/ π D	(rev/s)
Radial distance	RA	(m)
Tangential velocity	VA = 2 π RA p	(m/s)
Tangent line ordinate	OA = 50 VA	(mm)

Fall distances 1a, 2b, 3c, etc., from table on sheet 16. The inner trajectory is similarly plotted.

Correlating with example 1 sheet 17 the following numerical values are obtained

Inner	RB = 0.311m	VB = 2.07m/s	OB = 104mm
Centroid	R = 0.354m	V = 2.36m/s	O = 118mm
Outer	RA = 0.417m	VA = 2.78m/s	OA = 139mm

NB: This graphical representation is applicable to horizontal belts only, where the velocity is such that the material leaves the belt at the initial point of tangency (see Fig. A, Sheet 12).

PROCEDURE

1. Plot centroidal trajectory by standard methods (see Example 1, Sheet 17).
2. Extend inner and outer trajectory commencing points horizontally.
3. From pulley centre line draw angular lines through centroidal tangent line ordinates.
4. Intersection with inner and outer tangent lines provides the respective tangent line ordinates.
5. From these ordinates drop verticals into trajectory field.
6. Consider centroidal ordinate 10 and the angle subtended with the pulley centre line. Using this same angle through the centroidal material path point j, determine respective inner and outer trajectory points.
7. Use this procedure to complete inner and outer material paths.

With this method of construction, recalculation of tangent line ordinates and tangential velocities is not necessary. This is a completely geometrical construction developed from the centroidal trajectory only.

DEFINITIONS AND NOTES RE. TABLES

The angle of repose of a material is that angle to the horizontal assumed by the stir-face of a freely formed pile, The angle of surcharge is that angle to the horizontal assumed by the surface of a material at rest on a moving conveyor belt. The surcharge angle may be anything up to 2O~ less than the angle of repose. The flowability chart on sheet 2 shows the general relationship between the angles of repose and surcharge.

The classification table below and the material characteristics tables which follow, are based upon nvrm4e conditions and typical materials. The determination of angles of repose and surcharge and maximum recommended conveyor inclination must be considered with due regard to such properties as size and shape of fine particles and lumps, roughness of the surface of the particles, proportion of fines and lumps present, moisture content, dustiness, stickiness, abrasiveness, corrosive action, etc. Materials or characteristics omitted from the tables may be roughly appraised by comparison with similar listed materials.

For conveyor capacity tables see CM/09001CC1

References:

C.E.M.A. Handbook
UNIROYAL Conveyor Belt Selection Guide
PROK Handbook

Size	MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS	CLASS
	Very fine-under 100 mesh Fine-under 3mm Granular-Under 12mm Lumpy-containing lumps over 12mm Irregular-stringy, interlocking, mats together	A B C D E
Flowability Angle of Repose	Very free flowing of repose less than 20 degrees Free flowing-angle of repose 20 - 30 degrees Average flowing-angle of repose 30 - 45 degrees Sluggish-angle of repose 45+ degrees	1 2 3 4
Abrasiveness	Non-abrasive Abrasive Very abrasive Very sharp-cuts or gouges belt covers	5 6 7 8
Miscellaneous Characteristics (sometimes more than one of these characteristics may apply)	Very dusty Aerates and develops fluid characteristics Contains explosive dust Contaminable affecting use or saleability Degradable, affecting use or saleability Gives off harmful fumes or dust Highly corrosive Mildly corrosive Hydroscopic Interlocks or mats Oils or chemical present-may affect rubber products Packs under pressure Very light and fluffy-may be wind swept Elevated temperature	L M N P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Example: A very fine material that is free flowing, abrasive, contains explosive dust would be designated: Class A26N

Class 1	ANGLE OF SURCHARGE: ANGLE OF REPOSE: FLOWABILITY:	5 degrees 0 - 20 degrees Very free flowing
	MATERIALS: Very small rounded particles, very wet or very dry, such as dry silica sand, cement, wet concrete, etc.
Class 2	ANGLE OF SURCHARGE: ANGLE OF REPOSE: FLOWABILITY:	10 degrees 20 - 30 degrees Free flowing
	MATERIALS: Rounded dry polished particles of medium density such as whole grain, beans, salt, sugar, etc.
Class 3	ANGLE OF SURCHARGE: ANGLE OF REPOSE: FLOWABILITY:	20 degrees 30 - 35 degrees Average
	MATERIALS: Irregular, granular or lumpy materials of medium density, such as anthracite coal, clay, certain mineral ores, etc.
	ANGLE OF SURCHARGE: ANGLE OF REPOSE: FLOWABILITY:	25 degrees 35 - 40 degrees Average
	MATERIALS: Common materials such as bituminous coal, stone, rock, most ores, etc.
Class 4	ANGLE OF SURCHARGE: ANGLE OF REPOSE: FLOWABILITY:	30 degrees Over 40 degrees Sluggish
	MATERIALS: Irregular, stringy, fibrous, interlocking materials, such as bagasse, wood chips, wet earth, tempered foundry sand, etc.

R = Angle of repose
S = angle of surcharge
C = recommended max. conveyor slope

MATERIAL	DENSITY kg/m3	DEGREES			CLASS
		R	S	C
Alum, fine	720 - 800	30 - 45	25	23	B35
Alum, lumpy	800 - 960	35 - 45	25	23	D35
Alumina	800 - 11340	22	5	10 - 14	B27M
Aluminium hydrate	290	34	25	20 - 24	C35
Aluminium sulphate	865	32	10	17	C25
Ammonium chloride, crystalline	720 - 830	28	10	10	B25S
Ammonium nitrate	720	40	25	23	C36NUS
Ammonium sulphate (granular)	720 - 930	28	10	10	C26S
Asbestos ore or rock	1300		10	20	D27R
Asbestos shred	320 - 400	45	30	30	E46XY
Ash, black, ground	1680	32		17	B35
Ashes, coal, dry	560 - 640	40	25	20 - 25	C46TY
Ashes, coal, wet	720 - 800	50	25	23 - 27	C46T
Ashes, fly	640 - 720	42	30	20 - 25	A47
Ashes, gas - producer, wet	1250		30		D47T
Asphalt, binder for paving	1280 - 1360		30	30	C45
Asphalt, crushed,	720			30	C35
Bagasse	110 - 160		30	30	E45Y
Baking powder	640 - 880		10	18	A25
Bark, wood, refuse	160 - 320	45	30	27	E46Y
Barley	610	23	10	10 - 15	B15N
Barytes, powdered	1920 - 2240		10	15	B26
Bauxite, crushed	1200 - 1360	30	20	20	D37
Bauxite, ground, dry	1090	35	20	30	B26
Bauxite, mine run	1280 - 1440	31	20	17	D37
Beans, dry	770		5	5	Cl5
Bentonite, crude	560 - 640		30	27	D46X
Bentonite, under 100 mesh	800 - 960		10	20	A26XY
Bonemeal	880 - 960		20	25	B36
Borax, 40 - 75 mm lumps	960 - 1040		25	27	D36
Borax, 12 mm screenings	880 - 960		20	20	C36
Borax, fine	720 - 880		10	20 - 22	B26T
Brewers grain, spent, dry	320 - 480		30	27	C45
Brewers grain, spent, wet	880 - 960		30	27	C45T
Brick, hard	2000		30	27	D47Z
Brick, soft	1600		30	27	D47
Carbon black, pelletized	320 - 400		5	5	B15Q
Carborundum, under 75 mm	1600		10	15	D27
Cement, Portland	1500	39	25	20 - 23	A26M
Cement, Portland, aerated	960 - 1200		5	10	A16M
Cement clinker	1200 - 1520	30 - 40	25	18 - 20	D37
Chalk, lumpy	1200 - 1360		10	15	D26
Chalk, under 100 mesh	1040 - 1200		25	28	A46NXY
Charcoal	290 - 400	35	25	20 - 25	D36Q
Chips, paper mill	320 - 400		30	27	E45
Chips, paper mill, softwood	190 - 480		30	27	E45
Chips, hogged, fuel	240 - 400		30	27	E45W
Chrome ore (Chromite)	200 - 2240		10	17	D27
Cinders, blast furnace	910	35	20	18 - 20	D37T
Cinders, coal	640	35	20	20	D37T
Clay, calcined	1280 - 1600		25	20 - 22	B37
Clay, dry, fines	1600 - 1920	35	20	20 - 22	C37
Clay, dry, lumpy	960 - 1200	35	20	18 - 20	D36
Clover seed	770	28	10	15	B25N
Coal, anthracite, under 3 mm	960	35	20	18	B35TY
Coal, anthracite, sized	880 - 960	27	10	16	C26
Coal, bituminous, mined under 50 mesh	800 - 865	45	30	24	B45T
Coal, bituminous, mined and sized	720 - 880	35	25	16	D35T
Coal, bituminous, mined, run of mine	720 - 880	38	25	18	D35T
Coal, bituminous, mined, slack	690 800	40	25	22	C45T
Coal, bituminous, stripping, uncleaned	800 - 960		20	22	D26T
Coal, Lignite	640 - 720	38	25	22	D36T
Coke Breeze, under 6 mm	400 - 560	30 - 4	10	20 - 22	C37Y
Coke, loose	370 - 560		30	18	D47QVT
Coke, petroleum calcined	560 - 720		10	20	D36
Concrete wet	1760 - 2400		10	24 - 26	D26
Concrete, in place, stone	2080 - 2400		25	20	D37
Copper ore	1920 - 2400		20	20	D27
Copper ore, crushed	1600 - 2400		20	20	D27
Copper sulphate	1200 - 1360	31	20	17	D35
Corn, ear	900		25	18	C25N
Corn, shelled	720	21	10	10	C25NW
Cornmeal	610 - 640	35	20	22	B35W
Cryolite, lumpy	1440 - 1600		20	20	D36
Gullet	1280 - 1920		20	20	D37Z
Dolomite, lumpy	1440 - 4600		20	22	D26
Earth, as excavated - dry	1120 - 1280	35	25	20	B36
Earth, wet, containing clay	1600 - 1760	45	30	23	B46
Feldspar, 12 mm screenings	1120 - 1360	38	25	18	B36
Feldspar, 40 - 75 mm lumps	1440 - 1760	34	20	17	D36
Feldspar, 200 Mesh	1600		20	17	A36
Flour, wheat	35 - 40			21	A45PN
Fluorspar, 12 mm screenings	1360 - 1680		30	20	C46
Fluorspar, 40 - 75 mm lumps	1760 - 1920		30	27	D46
Foundry refuse, old sand cores, etc.	1120 - 1600		25	20	D37Z
Fullers earth, dry	480 - 560	23	10	15	B26
Fullers earth, oily	960 - 1040		20	20	B26
Fullers earth, oil filter, burned	640		10	15	B26
Fullers earth, oil filter, raw	560 - 640	35	25	20	B26
Glass batch	1280 - 1600		10	20 - 22	D27Z
Granite, 12 mm screenings	1280 - 1440		10	18	C27
Granite lumps 40 - 75 mm	1360 - 1440		20	18	D27
Granite, broken	1520 - 1600		20	20	D27
Graphite, flake	640		5	5	C25
Gravel, bank run	1440 - 1600	38	25	20	D26
Gravel, dry sharp	1440 - 1600	40	25	20	D27
Gravel, pebbles	1440 - 1600	30	10	12	D36
Gypsum, dust, non-aerated	1490		20	20	A36
Gypsum, dust, aerated	960 - 1120	42	25	23	A36Y
Gypsum, 12 mm screening	1120 - 1280	40	25	21	C36
Gypsum, lumps 40 - 75 mm	l1201280	30	20	15	D26
Ice, crushed	560 - 720		5	5	D16
Iron ore	1600 - 3200	35	25	18 - 20	D36
Iron ore, crushed	2160 - 2400		20	20 - 22	C26
Iron ore, pellets	1840 - 2080		20	13 - 15	D36
Iron oxide, pigment	400	40	25	25	A45
Kaolin clay, under 75 mm	1010	35	20	19	D36
Kaolin talc, 100 mesh	670 - 900	45	30	23	A46Y
Lead ores	3200 - 4320	30	20	15	B36RT
Lead oxides	960 - 2400		30	20	B53
Lignite, air dried	720 - 880		20	20	D25
Lime, ground, under 3 mm	960 - 1040	43	30	23	B45X
Lime hydrated, under 3 mm	640	40	25	21	B3SMX
Lime hydrated, pulverized	510 - 640	42	30	22	A35MXY
Lime, pebble	850 - 900	30	20	17	D35
Limestone, agricultural, under 3 mm	1090		10	20	B26
Limestone, crushed	1360 - 1440	38	25	18	C26X
Limestone, dust	1280 - 1360		30	20	A46MY
Limestone, rock	1600 - 1760		25	19	D36
Magnesium chloride	530		30	25	C46
Magnesium sulphate	1120		10	15	C25
Manganese ore	2000 - 2240	39	25	20	D37
Manganese sulphate	1120		10	15	C27
Marble, crushed, under 12 mm	1280 - 1520		10	15	D27
Marl	1280		25	20	C27
Mica, flakes	270 - 350		5	5	BW4Y
Mica, ground	210 - 240	34	20	23	B36
Mica, pulverized	210 - 240		10	15	A26MY
Molybdenite ore	1710		20	20	D36
Molybdenite, powdered	1710	40	25	25	B25
Mortar, wet	2400		10	20 - 22	B46T
Nickel - cobalt sulphate ore	1280 - 2400		20	22	D27T
Peas, dried	720 - 800		5	8	C15NQ
Phosphate, acid, fertilizer	960	26	10	13	B25T
Phosphate sand, wet	1680		20	16 - 18	B47
Phosphate triple super, fertilizer	800 - 880	45	30	30	B45T
Phosphate rock, broken, dry	1200 - 1360	25 - 30	10	12 - 15	D26
Phosphate rock, pulverized	960	40	25	25	B36
Potash, ore	1200 - 1360		20	12 - 15	D36
Pumice, under 3 mm	640 - 720		30	25	B47
Pyrites, iron, lumps	2160 - 2320		20	15	D26T
Pyrites, pellets	1920 - 2080		20	13 - 15	C26T
Quartz, 12 mm screenings	1280 - 1440		20	15	C27Z
Quartz, 40 - 75 mm lumps	1360 - 1520		20	15	D27Z
Rice, hulled or polished	720 - 770	20	10	8	B15
Rock, crushed	2000 - 2320		20	18	D26
Rock, soft, excavated with shovel	1600 - 1760		25	22	D36
Rubber, pelletized	800 - 880	35	25	22	D45
Rubber, reclaim	400 - 480	32	20	18	D45
Salt, common dry, coarse	640 - 880		10	18 - 22	C26TU
Salt, common dry, fine	1120 - 1280	25	10	11	D26
Sand, bank, damp	1760 - 2080	45	30	20 - 22	B47
Sand, bank, dry	1440 - 1760	35	20	16 - 18	B37
Sand, foundry, prepared	1280 - 1440		30	24	B47
Sand, foundry, shakeout	1440 - 1600	39	25	22	D37
Sand, Silica, dry	1440 - 1600		5	10 - 15	B27
Sand, core	1040	41	25	26	B45X
Sandstone, broken	1360 - 1440		20	20	D37
Sawdust	160 - 210	36	25	22	B35
Shale, broken	1440 - 1600		10	18	D26QZ
Shale crushed	1360 - 1440	39	25	22	C36
Sinter	1600 - 2160		10	15	D27
Slag, blast furnace, crushed	1280 - 1440	25	10	10	A27
Slag, furnace, granular, dry	960 - 1040	25	10	13 - 16	C27
Slag, furnace, granular, wet	1440 - 1600	45	30	20 - 22	B47
Slate, crushed, under 12 mm	1280 - 1440	28	20	15	C26
Slte7lumps 40 - 75mm	1360 - 1520		20	18	D26
Soap beads or granules	240 - .400		10	10	B25Q
Soap chips	240 - 400	30	10	18	C35Q
Soapstone, talc, fine	640 - 800		30	18	A45XY
Soda ash, briquettes	800	22	10	7	C26
Soda ash, heavy	880 - 1040	32	20	19	B36
Soda ash, light	320 - 560	37	25	22	A36Y
Sodium bicarbonate	655	42	30	23	A45Y
Sodium nitrate	1120 - 1280	24	10	11	D25
Sodium aluminium sulphate	1200	31	20	18	C25
Soybeans, whole	720 - 800	21 - 28	10	12 - 16	C26NW
Soybean meal, cold	640	32 - 37	20	16	B35
Starch	400 - 800	24	10	12	B25
Steel trimmings	1200 - 2400	35	25	18	E37V
Sugar, granulated	800 - 880		10	15	B25PQ
Sugar, raw, cane	800 - 1040		25	23	B36TX
Sulphur - lumpy	1200 - 1360		20	20	D25NS
Sulphur - ore	1360 - 1440		25	18	D25NS
Sulphur - powdered	800 - 880		10	23	B25NW
Titanium ore	2240 - 2560		20	20	B27
Titanium sponge	960 - 1120		30	25	E47
Traprock,12 mm screenings	1440 - 1600		20	20	C37
Traprock, lumps 50 - 75 mm	1600 - 1760		20	18	D37
Vermiculite, expanded	255		25	25	C35Y
Vermiculite ore	1120 - 1280		25	20	D36Y
Wheat	720 - 770	28	10	12	C25N
Wood chips	160 - 480		25	27	E45WY
Zinc ore, crushed	2560	38	25	22	D36
Zinc ore, roasted	1760	38	25	25	C36